Timeline: Political turmoil and violence in Lebanon since 2005

(Reuters) - Here is a look back at events in Lebanon after the country buried slain intelligence officer Wissam al-Hassan amid violent clashes between protesters who want Prime Minister Najib Mikati to quit and security forces.

Hassan led the investigation into the 2005 bombing which killed former Prime Minister Rafik al-Hariri:

February 2005 - Rafik al-Hariri, the former premier, is killed, with around 21 others, by a truck bomb in Beirut, piling pressure on Syria to end its 29-year military presence in Lebanon. The last Syrian soldiers leave Lebanon on April 26.

October 2005 - In a report to the U.N. Security Council, the preliminary findings of the international investigation into Hariri's killing implicate high-ranking Syrian and Lebanese officials. Syria denies any role.

July 2006 - Lebanese Shi'ite group Hezbollah - which is backed by Iran and Syria - captures two Israeli soldiers in a cross-border raid, setting off a 34-day war between Hezbollah and Israel. A U.N. Security Council resolution ends the conflict.

August 2008 - On his first visit to Syria as the president of Lebanon, Michel Suleiman agrees with President Bashar al-Assad that their countries will establish diplomatic ties for the first time since independence.

June 2009 - An anti-Syrian coalition, led by Saad Hariri, a son of the murdered former premier, defeats Hezbollah and its Christian ally Michel Aoun in parliamentary elections. Hariri forms a new unity government in November.

January 2011 - Ministers from Hezbollah and its political allies resign, bringing down Hariri's government. Telecoms tycoon Najib Mikati forms a new government in June dominated by Hezbollah's political allies.

July 2012 - The Special Tribunal for Lebanon, established to try suspects in Rafik Hariri's killing names the four men wanted for the murder as Mustafa Amine Badreddine, a senior Hezbollah figure, as well as Salim Jamil Ayyash, Hussein Hassan Oneissi and Assad Hassan Sabra. Hezbollah denies any role in the killing and says it will refuse to allow the suspects to be arrested.

April 2012 - Saudi Arabia's ambassador to Lebanon warns Saudis to stay away from Lebanon's border areas, after two Saudi citizens were kidnapped and tortured for eight days, before being freed in a joint Saudi-Lebanese operation.

August 2012 - Saudi Arabia, Qatar and other Gulf states advise their citizens to leave Lebanon after a mass kidnapping in retaliation for events in Syria raises fears that violence may be spilling across the region.

September 2012 - On a visit to Lebanon, Pope Benedict appeals for a halt to the flow of arms into Syria.

October 2012 - Senior Lebanese intelligence official Wissam al-Hassan, who led the investigation that implicated Syria and Hezbollah in the 2005 assassination of Rafik Hariri, is killed with seven others by a car bomb in Beirut.

(Reporting by David Cutler, London Editorial Reference Unit,

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/timeline-political-turmoil-violence-lebanon-since-2005-144941254.html

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U.S. says willing to meet with Iran on nukes but no talks set

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The New York Times reported on Saturday that the United States and Iran have agreed in principle to hold one-on-one negotiations on Iran's nuclear program but the White House quickly denied that any talks had been set.

The Times, quoting unnamed Obama administration officials, said earlier on Saturday the two sides had agreed to bilateral negotiations after secret exchanges between U.S. and Iranian officials. The newspaper later said the agreement was "in principle."

The White House quickly denied the report, which came two days before President Barack Obama is due to face Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney in a debate focused on foreign policy.

"It's not true that the United States and Iran have agreed to one-on-one talks or any meeting after the American elections," National Security Council spokesman Tommy Vietor said in a statement.

"We continue to work with the P5+1 on a diplomatic solution and have said from the outset that we would be prepared to meet bilaterally."

The P5+1 group is composed of the permanent members of the U.N. Security Council - the United States, Britain, China, France and Russia - plus Germany.

Iran had insisted the talks with Washington not begin until after the November 6 U.S. election determines whether Obama will serve a second term or whether Romney will succeed him, the Times said.

The New York Times report looked likely to fan campaign debate over foreign policy, where Romney has been hitting Obama with charges that he has been an ineffective leader who has left the country vulnerable.

The Obama administration counters that it has pressed hard on all major security challenges while at the same time winding down unpopular and expensive wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.

But tensions with Iran continue to simmer, leading many analysts to say it is the largest security issue facing the United States and a potential flashpoint for broader conflict in the Middle East.

TWO TRACKS, FEW RESULTS

The United States has been working with the P5+1 to pressure Iran on its nuclear program but with few results. The United States and other Western powers have charged that Iran's nuclear program is aimed at developing nuclear weapons, but Tehran insists the program is for peaceful purposes.

Israel has said it would use military force to prevent Iran from becoming a nuclear power but has in the past had differences with Washington over when Tehran would actually cross the "red line" to nuclear capability.

The Times story quoted an unnamed senior administration official as saying the United States had reached the agreement for bilateral talks with senior Iranian officials who report to Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.

But the White House said the Obama administration was intent on its current "two-track" course, which involves both diplomatic engagement and a tightening network of international sanctions to pressure Iran.

"The president has made clear that he will prevent Iran from getting a nuclear weapon, and we will do what we must to achieve that," Vietor's statement said.

"It has always been our goal for sanctions to pressure Iran to come in line with its obligations. The onus is on the Iranians to do so, otherwise they will continue to face crippling sanctions and increased pressure."

"NON-STARTERS" THUS FAR

The P5+1 has held a series of inconclusive meetings with Iranian officials in the past year. In July, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said Tehran's proposals to date had been "non-starters."

While Western officials say there is still time to negotiate, they also have been ratcheting up sanctions, which are contributing to mounting economic problems in Iran.

The United States has expressed a willingness for talks narrowly focused on specific issues, preferably on the sidelines of multilateral negotiations. But Iran has been pressing for broader direct negotiations that include other regional issues including Syria and Bahrain - something the United States opposes.

"We've always seen the nuclear issue as independent," the administration official told the Times, speaking on condition of anonymity because of the delicacy of the matter. "We're not going to allow them to draw a linkage."

The Times included the White House denial in a subsequent version of its story and said reports of the agreement had circulated among a small group of diplomats involved with Iran.

Even if the two sides sit down, American officials worry Iran could prolong the negotiations to try to forestall military action and enable it to complete key elements of its nuclear program, particularly at underground sites, the Times said.

Any talks would open a diplomatic window for the United States and Israel that could provide strategic cover should they see the need for military action down the road.

"It would be unconscionable to go to war if we haven't had such discussions," R. Nicholas Burns, who led negotiations with Tehran as undersecretary of state in the George W. Bush administration, told the Times.

(Additional reporting by Todd Eastham; Editing By Paul Simao and Bill Trott)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/u-says-no-plans-one-one-meeting-iran-000334774.html

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Thirty Years Ago Today ? The Spartak Moscow Disaster ...

THIRTY years ago today the fans of Spartak Moscow were struck by a terrible tragedy when at least 66 of them died although the actual death toll could be in the hundreds.

It eerily mirrors the 1971 Ibrox Disaster with the same official death toll and a stairway location at the end of a game with a last-minute goal as Rangers fans headed homewards.

There are also uncanny connections to the 1989 Hillsborough Disaster with police standing by, like disinterested observers, as dozens died before their eyes from crush injuries and suffocation and medical staff were denied access.

And just like the Liverpool victims the Spartak supporters and their families also suffered an extensive cover-up, denial of the facts and denigration of their loved ones who were blamed for their own deaths, accused of being drunk and antagonising the police by throwing snowballs at them.

We all know how long and hard the people of Liverpool have fought, against what often seemed like insurmountable odds, for justice, punishment of the guilty and the restoration of the good name of the 96.

Now that the Liverpool Campaign is finally entering the home straight we should take a moment to think about the Spartak victims whose death was buried by a Soviet bureaucracy that staged a trial which let the guilty walk free. Unlike Hillsborough the secrets of that terrible Moscow night have been hidden to this day and will never be fully revealed.

Before looking at the actual tragedy it?s worth understanding a little about Russian society and the place that Spartak FC held within it. Unlike most Russian football teams Spartak wasn?t affiliated with a branch of the military or a giant State-owned industry but traced its roots to the trade union movement and a working class area of Moscow.

As such, it was the most popular club in Russia and its supporters not only delighted in beating CSKA Moscow (The Red Army Team) and Moscow Dinamo (KGB Secret Police Team) but saw it as a victory against a repressive regime which ruled their every moment except during a football game. It had its downside however with Muscovites swearing blind that all Spartak?s best players ended-up being conscripted.

It?s hard for any outsider to understand, let alone explain, how oppressed was the lot of the Russian people with an ever-watchful State searching for any sign of dissent or even being ?different? as the Old Regime began to falter.

I remember an Intourist minder warning me to stop smiling when outdoors or on the tram and was told: ?They will want to know why you are happy. Maybe you have something you shouldn?t have. Better to not draw attention. Russians have nothing to smile about?.? I asked if the ?They? were ordinary Russians and she smiled and said: ?No, they would just think you must be crazy person?.

So ordinary Russians only let their guard down in family groups and tight friendship circles ? other Russians were shunned for fear they might be KGB informers and paranoia levels were off-the-scale about drawing the attention of the State which totally controlled: Housing, heating, employment & promotion, food supplies, medical care, child care, education, the media, city of residence and religion ? with Russian Orthodoxy replaced by the Communist Creed.? And, never too far away, the spectre of the Gulag loomed for those who didn?t conform or were careless in conversation.

One of the few places where a little freedom still flickered was a football game where State Control slipped and the masses could unite and when a military-sponsored team was beaten it wasn?t just a victory on the park as every spectator and the ?Watchers? knew the crowd roars and rejoicing were aimed at the State Apparatus.

Spartak as the ?people?s team? were especially suspect and its management paid a heavy price at the hands of the ruling Stalinist elite. The club was founded and led for seven decades by the four Starostin brothers especially Nikolai and Andrei. All were brilliant players but Spartak?s too frequent successes against military and state-sponsored teams led to them all being arrested in 1942 with 12 years incarceration in the gulag.

It was a timely reminder to all Russians, at a time of extreme national peril, that their only value was in defending ?The Motherland? and not in supporting a renegade team with supposed bourgeois leanings.

Ordinary Russians kept their head-down stunned into impotence that such well-known figures as the Starostins could be treated this way. Nikolai was regarded as particularly dangerous by Beria, the Georgian secret police chief, because in the early 1930s he not only proposed setting-up ?independent? sports societies but that they be run by members and not the local Communist Party committee.

It may also have been a factor that Beria was the honorary president of Moscow Dinamo, Spartak?s main rival even today, but possibly more important was that he played for Georgia against a team led by Nikolai Starostin and lost.

Hundreds of sportsmen began to be arrested and at first no one could put their finger on the reason and then it was realised that they had either played abroad or against foreign teams at home. Despite most of these foreign works teams solely comprising card-carrying communists, Beria believed they were out to subvert Russians and recruit them as spies.

At least one referee was executed and others imprisoned especially if any decision was awarded against Dinamo teams and any match they lost was ordered replayed. They came for Nikolai in the middle of the night in March 1942 and he was thrown into Moscow?s notorious Lubyanka Prison. After two years interrogations where he and his brothers were accused of plotting to assassinate Stalin, the elder Starostin was eventually found guilty or publicly praising ?bourgeois? sport and sent to the Gulag with his brothers for 10 years although they were always kept in different camps.

A must read of Nikolai?s life can be found at:

http://libcom.org/files/The%20Strange%20Story%20of%20Nikolai%20Starostin,%20F...

The Central Lenin Stadium was built as the main venue for the Moscow Olympics in 1980 and Spartak, who didn?t have its own ground, played matches there. So, on 20 October 1982 the club faced Dutch-side HFC Haarlem in a UEFA Cup 2nd round tie.

Later renamed the Luzhniki Stadium and roofed it sits on a bend in the Moscow River, close to the city centre, overlooked by the Lenin Hills (renamed the Sparrow Hills ? which are really more of a river bluff IMHO complete with an impressive ski-jump)

On the night of the game the thermometer plummeted and only some 10-15,000 Spartak fans braved the weather to support their team along with a 100 travelling Dutch supporters. Because of the low attendance and snow-bound terraces only the East Stand was opened with one exit. Finally, in injury time, the home side scored a goal and the Spartak fans started streaming out to get to the Metro (subway) but another late goal caused some fans to turn back and the two streams collided with tragic results.

There is no need to describe the carnage which followed as dozens of fans died and some heroically tried to save their comrades whilst the Militsia (Police) stood by and did nothing for the trapped, injured and dying and actively prevented other fans going to their aid. The Dutch supporters and even players knew nothing of the tragedy nor indeed thousands of Spartak supporters hustled out of side exits.

The cover-up had already begun because the Soviet State did not allow ?Bad News? which they perceived to be associated with weakness, especially in difficult times for the Politburo, and times were fraught as President Brezhnev was on his death-bed.

It was the following night before the Moscow equivalent of the ?Evening Times? carried a cryptic message in the match report which stated: ?An incident occurred yesterday in Luzhniki. After the football match, some spectators were injured.?

Here in Scotland we would immediately scorn the uselessness of the MSM in not mentioning the hundreds of deaths. But we would be wrong as the real story was told but not one an outsider would understand no matter how good their Russian was.

You have to remember the family groups and circles of friends I mentioned earlier ? 24 hours after the ill-fated game tens of thousands of Muscovites would have been aware of the seriousness of the tragedy through their grapevine.? The newspaper reported the official line: Nothing much happened ? no deaths just a few injuries ? nothing to do with the match ? move along.

But every Muscovite read between the lines, recognised the silent warning and knew if they spoke publicly about the disaster, especially to a Westerner, then they would face ?consequences?. These were seldom spelt out as the unknown threat was much more effective in gnawing at the resolve of even the brave.

The bodies of the 66 dead weren?t returned home until 13 days after the tragedy. Family, friends and fellow-supporters were prevented from visiting the stadium to lay wreaths and a trial in February 1983 scapegoated the stadium chief of just over two months who confessed to ?guilty feelings?.

But eye-witness testimony about Militsia failures was ignored and no investigation was ordered. It was years before the trial was even reported and seven years before the story of the disaster was broken by Sovetsky Sport in 1989 which only became possible because Communism and its control of the State was imploding.

In true Russian-fashion, just to be safe, the story ran just three days after the Hillsborough Disaster in a list of historical football disasters and again, just to be safe, the published death toll of 100 kept it nearer the middle and away from the top-end of the scale. But for the first time ordinary Russians ?knew? the scale of the disaster.

It also meant Spartak fans could start planning a public memorial to their dead paid for out of their own pocket and it was erected in 1992. Even then, the move was only achieved by subterfuge, despite Communism being in free-fall, with the fans saying it would just be a plaque with the names of the dead inscribed. Perhaps this act of defiance showed just what ?survivors? the Russian people have continuously proved to be in the many adversities they have faced.

But with ex-KGB officer Vladimir Putin holding the reins of power as President of Russia there will be no justice for the Spartak dead or their families.

And http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzhniki_disaster? is what I believe to be a magnificent example of the dead-hand of the Russian Bureaucracy showing that Communism might have gone but State Control lives on and is still capable of practising nifty sleight-of-hand.? It is well-worth reading the entry especially from ?Media Coverage? onwards.? I am confident that the readers of this blog will see the ?massaging? of facts and have a good laugh at the reference to Izvestia ? the paper of record ? especially when it states the files on the enquiry had always been publicly available.

That is almost certainly fact. But it fails to explain that the power of the State was absolute because Russians ?policed? themselves. They knew they could request access to the files and, indeed, would be allowed to see them. They would then disappear to a Gulag where they had no name and just a number and if they revealed their name or ?crime? to anyone they would quickly die of natural causes.

For the Spartak Disaster I prefer: http://october20.ru/site/21-07-90_mk.html

It?s in Russian but Google translator makes a good fist of turning it into English and the eye-witnesses accounts are well worth the effort.? The top-left link under the page heading takes you into the rest of the site.? Particularly haunting are the photos of the dead ? mainly adolescent boys with some girls and some adults.? They will never have justice in the way that Hillsborough Victims hopefully will have soon and it reinforces the need to remember the Spartak fallen.

It?s also worth remembering the un-named Militsia Major mentioned on the fan site who repeatedly plunged into the mass of bodies to pull-out victims while his soldiers stood idly by.? He is almost certainly police chief Major Koryagin (see Wikipedia article) who was badly injured trying to rescue fans and was to stand trial but given an amnesty.

On the 25th anniversary of the disaster, the former players of Spartak Moscow and HFC Haarlem played a memorial match at the ill-fated stadium with money raised for the victims? families. Martin Haar, the Haarlem captain in 1982, told of the guilt because they had never known about the disaster.

Dick Advocaat and Guus Hiddink, the Dutch managers of St Petersburg?s Zenit and the Russian national team, at the time,? helped organise the event

I hope all Scottish Football fans will spend a few moments today thinking about passionate football fans throughout the world who one fateful day never returned home to their loved ones but now follow their team forever.

And if you ever find yourself in Moscow then head to the Luzhniki Olympic stadium and lay some red carnations at the Spartak Fan?s Memorial.

Nearby used to stand an impressive statue of Lenin, although it may well have been removed by now to the Park of Fallen Heroes.? But the Spartak Memorial always had many more flowers on it than that of the Founder of the Soviet Union. Go figure for yourself? :)

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Who's Your epitome? - Health and fitness

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White House-ordered review found no evidence of Huawei spying: sources

SAN FRANCISCO (Reuters) - A White House-ordered review of security risks posed by suppliers to U.S. telecommunications companies found no clear evidence that Huawei Technologies Ltd had spied for China, two people familiar with the probe told Reuters.

Instead, those leading the 18-month review concluded early this year that relying on Huawei, the world's second-largest maker of networking gear, was risky for other reasons, such as the presence of vulnerabilities that hackers could exploit.

These previously unreported findings support parts of a landmark U.S. congressional report last week that warned against allowing Chinese companies Huawei and ZTE Corp to supply critical telecom infrastructure.

But they may douse speculation that Huawei has been caught spying for China.

Some questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear if security vulnerabilities found in Huawei equipment were placed there deliberately. It is also not clear whether any critical new intelligence emerged after the inquiry ended.

"The White House has not conducted any classified inquiry that resulted in clearing any telecom equipment supplier," White House National Security Council spokeswoman Caitlin Hayden said. She also noted that Huawei had been barred from participating in an emergency network for first responders a year ago "due to U.S. government national security concerns".

At the White House's direction, according to people familiar with the matter, intelligence agencies and other departments conducted the largely classified inquiry, delving into reports of suspicious activity and asking detailed questions of nearly 1,000 telecom equipment buyers.

"We knew certain parts of government really wanted" evidence of active spying, said one of the people, who requested anonymity. "We would have found it if it were there."

A spokesman for Huawei said the company was not familiar with the review but it was not surprised that no evidence of Huawei espionage was found.

Last week's report from the Republican and Democratic leaders of the House Intelligence Committee noted the potential for spying through Huawei gear installed to manage traffic on wireless networks. The committee also criticized Huawei's leadership for failing to provide details about its relationships with Chinese government agencies.

Huawei, whose chief executive officer, Ren Zhengfei, founded it 25 years ago after he was laid off by the Chinese army, has rejected the House report as unfair and inaccurate. China's Commerce Ministry has also called the accusations "groundless".

"Huawei is a $32 billion independent multinational that would not jeopardize its success or the integrity of its customers' networks for any government or third party. Ever," the company's U.S. spokesman, Bill Plummer, said on Wednesday.

ZTE said it had never encountered an instance of its equipment causing security problems in the countries in which it operates.

"We believe our equipment is safe," said spokesman David Dai Shu. "ZTE recognizes and fully respects the obligation to protect national security of all countries in which ZTE's equipments are deployed."

The House Intelligence Committee's report did not present concrete evidence that either Huawei or ZTE has stolen U.S. data, although it said a classified annex provided "significantly more information adding to the committee's concerns" about the risk to the United States.

Speculation has swirled about the contents of the secret annex, and both committee Chairman Mike Rogers and some intelligence officials have hinted at evidence that Huawei has participated in espionage.

Rogers, the report's lead author, stoked concerns by saying some customers had seen routers sending off "very valuable data" to China.

But in the one case a committee staff member pointed out to Reuters, the victim - Leap Wireless International Inc - said that while some of its computers were infected with viruses earlier this year, an investigation found no evidence that the infection was deliberate or that confidential data had been stolen.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES

Pressed about why the White House review and unclassified version of the House Intelligence Committee report had not turned up a "smoking gun", two officials familiar with intelligence assessments said U.S. agencies were most concerned about the capability for future spying or sabotage.

Similarly, Chris Johnson, a former CIA analyst on China, said he had been told that the White House review had come up empty on past malicious acts. Nonetheless, officials emerged from the review with "a general sense of foreboding" about what would happen if China asked Huawei for assistance in gathering intelligence from U.S. customers, he said.

"If the Chinese government approached them, why would they say no, given their system?" Johnson said.

Preventing state spying through technology is a high priority for U.S. President Barack Obama's administration, which is lobbying for legislation to raise private-sector security standards and readying a more limited executive order along those lines.

Reuters interviews with more than a dozen current and former U.S. government officials and contractors found nearly unanimous agreement that Huawei's equipment poses risks: The company could send software updates that siphon off vast amounts of communications data or shut them down in times of conflict.

More than anything else, cyber experts complained about what they said was poor programming that left Huawei equipment more open than that of rivals to hacking by government agents or third parties.

"We found it riddled with holes," said one of the people familiar with the White House review.

At a conference in Kuala Lumpur last week, Felix Lindner, a leading expert in network equipment security, said he had discovered multiple vulnerabilities in Huawei's routers.

"I'd say it was five times easier to find one in a Huawei router than in a Cisco one," Lindner said.

Lindner, who spent months investigating Huawei code, said the vulnerabilities appeared to be the result of sloppy coding and poor procedures, rather than any deliberate attempt at espionage. Huawei is looking into his findings, he said.

Some in the U.S. government, however, have said the alleged poor security practices at Huawei could be a deliberate cover for future attacks.

One computer scientist, who helped conduct classified U.S. government research on Huawei routers and switches four to six years ago, told Reuters that he had found "back doors" that his team believed were inserted with care.

He said these back doors could enable attackers to install malicious software that would make critical government networks inoperable, allow hackers to gain entry into highly classified systems and enable them to spy on all traffic. He requested anonymity because he was not authorized to discuss the research.

Huawei has denied the existence of these back doors. Plummer also noted that any vendor's gear could be targeted by hackers, and the company would address any vulnerabilities it finds.

The United States' closest allies have rendered a split verdict on Huawei. Earlier this year, Australia barred Huawei from becoming a contractor on the country's National Broadband Network, and Canada said last week that Huawei could not bid to help build a secure national network. In Britain, however, a spokesman for the Cabinet Office said Huawei's products were fully vetted and did not represent a security concern.

Dutch Ruppersberger, the ranking Democrat on the House Intelligence Committee and co-author of the report, told Reuters that the burden of proof had been on Huawei and ZTE, which cited Chinese government restrictions in limiting their responses.

"China has the means, opportunity, and motive to use telecommunications companies for malicious purposes," Ruppersberger said.

Republican Rogers' staff did not respond to questions about the contents of the classified annex or the White House review.

(Reporting by Joseph Menn in San Franciso, Jim Finkle in Boston, and Mark Hosenball in Washington; Additional reporting by Paul Eckert and Jim Wolf in Washington and Jeremy Wagstaff in Kuala Lumpur; Editing by Tiffany Wu, Lisa Von Ahn and Alex Richardson)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/white-house-ordered-review-found-no-evidence-huawei-024257532--finance.html

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These Disgustingly Gross Home Offices Will Make You Vomit [Gross]

We've seen some pretty beautiful desktop setups with gorgeous monitors and spotless desks—these desktop setups are not those. In fact, you can think of them as the complete opposite. These home offices are foul, filthy, disgusting, awful and come from the hoarder devil's armpit. You can smell the stench through the pictures. Try not to look or you're going to throw up. More »

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US, Israel to begin major air defense exercise

FILE - In this Sept. 27, 2012 file photo, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu shows an illustration as he describes his concerns over Iran's nuclear ambitions during his address to the 67th session of the United Nations General Assembly at U.N. headquarters. As concern intensifies over Iran's nuclear program and the rise of Islamist governments in the Middle East, America's top ally in the region, Israel, has become increasingly wary. Israel's security has been a U.S. foreign policy priority of both Democratic and Republican administrations since the Jewish state was created in 1948. Although small in size and population, Israel has significant influence in Washington and presidents of both parties have pledged their commitment to its defense. And it's always a potential flashpoint in a region that the U.S. depends on for oil. (AP Photo/Richard Drew, File)

FILE - In this Sept. 27, 2012 file photo, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu shows an illustration as he describes his concerns over Iran's nuclear ambitions during his address to the 67th session of the United Nations General Assembly at U.N. headquarters. As concern intensifies over Iran's nuclear program and the rise of Islamist governments in the Middle East, America's top ally in the region, Israel, has become increasingly wary. Israel's security has been a U.S. foreign policy priority of both Democratic and Republican administrations since the Jewish state was created in 1948. Although small in size and population, Israel has significant influence in Washington and presidents of both parties have pledged their commitment to its defense. And it's always a potential flashpoint in a region that the U.S. depends on for oil. (AP Photo/Richard Drew, File)

WASHINGTON (AP) ? The U.S. and Israel are embarking on the largest exercise in their long military relationship, against a backdrop of tension with Iran and sharp rhetoric in the American presidential election.

An air defense drill planned for late this month will involve more than 3,500 Americans and 1,000 Israelis, practicing their ability to work together against a range of threats facing the main U.S. ally in the Mideast. Officials briefing reporters on Wednesday would not specify the exact date for security reasons.

American forces have started arriving in Israel and others will participate from positions around Europe and the Mediterranean in what the military is calling Austere Challenge 2012, U.S. Air Force Lt. Gen. Craig Franklin said via telephone from Germany.

"It's about teamwork," Franklin said, noting the drill has been planned for more than two years. The exercise, he said, "is not related to national elections nor any perceived tensions in the Middle East."

Still, it comes as the Iranian nuclear program tops the international agenda. Israel has threatened to strike Iranian nuclear facilities if Iran's uranium enrichment does not cease. The West and its allies fear the enrichment process could lead to nuclear weapons development. Iran denies that and says its nuclear ambitions are only for peaceful purposes.

President Barack Obama's administration has been at odds with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu over how close Tehran might be to producing a weapon and on the timing of any military strike to halt the program. Obama's Republican presidential rival, Mitt Romney, has been sharply critical of Obama's policy on Israel and has pledged greater support for Israel.

The military exercise was originally scheduled for April but was postponed at Israel's request. No reason was given but it came amid growing talk of Israel preparing to attack Iran and of tension between the U.S. on Israel on the issue.

The odds of an Israeli attack in the near term now appear to have lessened, with Netanyahu now saying the world has until next summer to act against Iran.

The US-Israeli exercise will test multiple Israeli and U.S. air defense systems against incoming missiles and rockets from places as far away as Iran.

The systems include the "Arrow," jointly developed and funded with the U.S. and designed to intercept Iranian missiles in the stratosphere; Iron Dome, designed to intercept shorter-range rockets that might be launched against Israel by Palestinian and Hezbollah militants; Patriot air defense batteries; and an Aegis ballistic missile defense ship.

Joining Franklin in Wednesday's press conference, Israeli Brig. Gen. Nitzan Nuriel said the ground and computer-simulated drill is to practice teamwork in dealing with potential threats "from all fronts."

Isaac Ben-Israel, a retired Israeli air force general and a former head of the Israeli space agency, said the main goal of the exercise was to improve coordination between the two military's technological capabilities.

In the 1991 Gulf War, for instance, he said Israel relied on American satellites detecting rocket launches from Iraq and that the information was then transferred in an unwieldy fashion.

"The process now is much more direct and includes integrated systems. These need to be tested," he said.

___

Heller reported from Jerusalem

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/386c25518f464186bf7a2ac026580ce7/Article_2012-10-17-US-Israel-Military%20Exercise/id-51fac41c039e41fd9ad59a13031e5e33

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